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Ruhr Uprising
The Ruhr uprising ((ドイツ語:Ruhraufstand)) or March uprising (''Märzaufstand'') was a left-wing workers' revolt in the Ruhr region of Germany in March 1920. The uprising took place initially in support of the call for a general strike issued by the Social Democrat members of the German government, the unions and other parties in response to the right-wing Kapp Putsch of 13 March 1920.
However, the communists and socialists in the Ruhr had previously laid plans for "winning political power by the dictatorship of the proletariat" in the event of a general strike. After the collapse of the Kapp Putsch, the German government sent in the Reichswehr (the German army) and rightwing Freikorps, to crush the ongoing insurgency of the around 50,000 members of the "Red Ruhr Army". This was done with considerable brutality and involved numerous summary executions.
==Origins==
As the Treaty of Versailles came into force on 20 January 1920, the German government had to drastically reduce the headcount of its regular armed forces, and dissolve paramilitary units like the right-wing ''Freikorps''. Consequently, the German ''Reichswehrminister'' (defence minister) Gustav Noske ordered the dissolution of the Freikorps ''Marinebrigaden'' "Ehrhardt" and "Loewenfeld".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Biografie Gustav Noske (German) )〕 The highest ranking general of the Reichswehr, Walther von Lüttwitz refused to comply, which resulted in what became known as ''Kapp Putsch'' or ''Lüttwitz-Kapp-Putsch''.〔 On 13 March 1920, the right-wing ''Marinebrigade Ehrhardt'' led by von Lüttwitz marched into Berlin, occupied the government buildings and installed Wolfgang Kapp as new chancellor, calling for a return of the monarchy. To restore order, Noske then asked Hans von Seeckt, who at the time was the head of the ''Truppenamt im Reichswehrministerium'', to order the regular army, the "Transitional Reichswehr", to put down the putsch. Von Seeckt and the other senior commanders with the exception of General Walther Reinhardt refused and the government was forced to flee from Berlin. Since the ministerial bureaucracy did not cooperate with the Kapp government, however, it could not govern effectively. On the very day of the putsch, the Social Democratic members of the government and Otto Wels, head of the SPD, signed a call for a general strike to topple the putschists. It was supported by the ''Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund'' (ADGB) led by Carl Legien, the ''Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angestellte'' (ADA) and the ''Deutsche Beamtenbund''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Der Generalstreik 1920 (German) )〕 Separately, the KPD, USPD and the DDP also called for a strike. Although protests by conservative groups including the Reichswehr soon caused the ''Reichsregierung'' to distance itself from this call to strike, the general strike of around 12 million workers helped bring about the putsch's collapse on 17 March 1920.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Der Militärputsch 1920 (Lüttwitz-Kapp-Putsch)(German) )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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